JSS 2 Agricultural Science Lesson Note- Second Term

JSS 2 Agricultural Science Lesson Note- Second Term.  A comprehensive notes and revision materials to help students in Agricultural Science. Download for free

JSS 2 Agricultural Science Scheme of Work

WEEKs and  TOPICs

1. Revision of last term’s work

2. Animals feed and feeding

3. Classification of livestock feed

4. Factor to consider before deciding Animal Feeds

5. Farm animals diseases: definition and causes

6. Farm animal diseases- Bacterial

7. Farm animal diseases-Viral

8. Farm animal diseases-Fungal and Protozoan

9. Farm animal diseases-worms and nutritional

10. Revision

Examinations

REFERENCE BOOK

Junior Secondary Agriculture for Nigerian Schools Book 2 by Anthony Yandeowei, S.O.Adesiyan, J.N Ogbazi, Terry Olowu.

JSS 2 Agricultural Science Lesson Note- Second Term

WEEK ONE DATE: ………………… TOPIC: REVISION OF LAST TERM’S WORK

CONTENT

Answers to last term’s objective questions

Answers to last term’s theory questions

WEEK TWO DATE: …………………

TOPIC: ANIMALS FEEDAND FEEDING

CONTENT

Meaning of feed

Types of animal feed

Feeding tools

DEFINITION OF FEED

Feed refers to the food given to animals. They containnutrientelement either alone or in combination with other substances which supports the healthy growth and development of livestock.

TYPES OF FEED

Animal feeds can be classified into four main groups according to the digestibility, quantity of fibre, quantity required and moisture in the feed. The four groups of feeds are;

Concentrates: They are fee with a low proportion of fibre and water content. They are easily digested by farm animals. Concentrates can be further be subdivided into two groups: Those containing a high proportion of carbohydrates are called carbohydrate concentrates/basal feed/energy feede.g maize, guinea corn, cassava e.t.c while those with a high proportion of proteins are called protein concentrates e.g beans, peas, cotton seed, sunflower seeds and heads, groundnuts, palm kernel and animal products such as meat, blood meal, bone meal, fishmeal and milk.

Roughages: Roughages are very low in protein and carbohydrate but high in fibre. They are not easily digested by animals, therefore are fed together with concentrate foods for young animals and those kept for milk and meat production. Examples are hay, groundnut hulls, straw, bean pods and maize stover.

Succulents: These have high water content. They are easy to digest. Examples are freshly cut/lush grass and legume plants (soilage), pumpkin, silage, melons and most green crops.

Supplements (minerals and vitamis): they are required in small quantities, low in energy, protein and fibre but high in vitamins and minerals. They aid digestion and increase animals resistance to diseases. They are available in basal and protein concentrate feeds. Other sources are bone meal, oyster shell, salt licks etc.

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EVALUATION

What do you understand as animal feed?

List types of animal feed.

FEEDING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR FARM ANIMALS

Common animal feeding equipment includes:

Hay racks: They are used for feeding animals with hay and other forages

Feed troughs or bunks: These are used for feeding grain and silage. Troughs for feeding cattle are usually stationary and located on a well-drained site preferably on concrete or hard surfaces.

Self-feeders: These are mainly used for fattening cattle. Self-feeders may be stationary or portable.

Watering facilities: Farm animals cannot survive for a long time without water. Mature cattle can consume an average of 12 litres of water per head daily depending on the size of the animals, season and the type of feedconsumed. Water troughs, wells, springs, streams, or lakes are the main sources of water supply for cattle. Water troughs and tanks should be of adequate size when used.

NOTE: Farm animals should be provided with suitable shade while feeding particularly during the dry season to reduce heat burden.

EVALUATION

Define animal feeds.

List three farm animals feeding tools and equipment.

GENERAL EVALUATION/REVISION QUESTIONS

1. Define animal feeds.

2. Mention and explain three types of animal feed.

3. Describe four tools and equipment commonly used for feeding livestock.

BOOK REVIEW

WABP Junior Secondary Agriculture for Nigerian Schools BK 2 By A.Youdeowei, S.O Adesiyan, J.N Ogbazi, Terry Olowu. Pages 56 – 67

READING ASSIGNMENT

Answer revision questions 2 and 3 on page 67 of WABP Junior Secondary Agriculturefor Nigerian Schools BK 2 ByA.Youdeowei, S.O Adesiyan, J.N Ogbazi, Terry Olowu.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

The following are not easily digested by animal except A. hay, B.groundnut hulls

C. bean pods D. silage.

Protein concentrates include the following except A. meats B.peas C. cotton seed

D. maize stover.

The types of feed which have high water content is known as _____________

A. succulent B. roughages C.concentrates D.fibre.

__________are used for feeding the animals with hay and other forages A. hay troughs B. Hay racks: C. hay pan D.feed racks.

Farm animals should be provided with suitable _____________ A.feed troughs

B. watering facilities C.self-feedersD. shade.

THEORY

What are the criteria used in classifying animal feed.

State four feeding tools and equipment for farm animals.

Reference

Classes of livestock feed nutrient

There are many types of feed nutrients suitable for livestock. It is important to understand the main classes and its constituentelements and functions of animal feeds.The major feed nutrients include:

• Carbohydrates

These foods are needed by livestock for supplying the energy required by the body for doing work and for the functioning of different organs of the body. Carbohydrates occur in nature as starches, cellulose or fibre. They contain elements, such as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen which are easily ‘burnt up’ or oxidized to produce energy. Examples are yams, cassava, potato, rice and breaD.

• Fats

Fats contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Fats have more carbon and oxygen than carbohydrates. They supply energy needed by the body for keeping the body temperature at the correct level. They produce two and a half times the energy produced by carbohydrates. Fat can be found in plant and animal materials. Examples are milk, fatty seeds such as groundnuts, coconuts and cotton seeds, animal by-products, fish by-products, cereals, roots and tubers.

• Proteins

Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen and sometimes iron, phosphorus and or sulphur. Proteins are found in the protoplasm of all animals and plants. They are required by animals for growth and for the repair of worn-out tissues and organs of the body. Examples of protein-rich foods include soybeans, cotton seeds, groundnut, peas and beans as well as fish and meat. The common sources of protein for animal feeds are forages, animal and fish by-products, roots and tubers and cereal grains.

• Minerals

Minerals are necessary in an animal’s diet. They are required in small quantities only, except phosphorus and calcium which are important for bone formation. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are four of the twenty one elements that function in animal nutrition and are called non-mineral elements. The other 17 elements are called mineral elements. Macro-elements are required by the animals in large quantities and they are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulphur, chlorine and magnesium. The remaining ten elements are required in very small quantities and are called micro-elements or trace elements and they are iron, iodine, copper, cobalt, chromium, fluorine, manganese, zinc, molybdenum and selenium.

• Water

Water contains hydrogen and oxygen. Water is needed by farm animals to aid digestion and distribution of food in their body. It also helps in the regulation of body temperature through heat loss by evaporation from the skin and lungs. Water is contained in the feeds of animals.

• Vitamins

These are another group of substances which must present in very tiny amounts in the rations of farm animals. They are essential for the proper and normal functioning of the animal’s body. Their deficiency leads to ill-health of the animal. Vitamins contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Vitamins can be grouped into Water-soluble e.g Vitamin B and C and Fat-soluble vitamins e.g Vitamin A, D, E and K.

EVALUATION

Differentiate between macro and micro elements.

Mention with examples types of vitamins you know.